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【英文标准名称】:Protectiveelementsforin-ground,barrier-free,privateorcollectiveuseswimmingpools-Alarmsystems-Part2:safetyrequirementsandtestmethodsforopticalbeanscanningdetectionsystems.
【原文标准名称】:地面、无栅栏、个人或集体用游泳池的保护元件.报警系统.第2部分:光束扫描探测系统的安全要求和试验方法
【标准号】:NFP90-307-2-2005
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:法国
【发布日期】:2005-11-01
【实施或试行日期】:2005-11-05
【发布单位】:法国标准化协会(AFNOR)
【起草单位】:
【标准类型】:()
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:
【英文主题词】:
【摘要】:
【中国标准分类号】:P33
【国际标准分类号】:97_220_10
【页数】:18P;A4
【正文语种】:其他


【英文标准名称】:StandardTestMethodforDeterminingResidualStressesbytheHole-DrillingStrain-GageMethod
【原文标准名称】:用钻孔应变仪法测定残余应力的标准试验方法
【标准号】:ASTME837-2008e1
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:美国
【发布日期】:2008
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:美国材料与试验协会(US-ASTM)
【起草单位】:E28.13
【标准类型】:(TestMethod)
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:
【英文主题词】:hole-drilling;integralmethod;residualstressmeasurement;straingages;stressanalysis;Hole-drillingstrain-gagemethod;Mechanicalanalysis/testing;Radialstrain;Residualstress;Straingages;Stresscrackingtests;Stress-straintesting;Surface
【摘要】:Summary:Residualstressesarepresentinalmostallmaterials.Theymaybecreatedduringthemanufactureorduringthelifeofthematerial.Ifnotrecognizedandaccountedforinthedesignprocess,residualstressescanbeamajorfactorinthefailureofamaterial,particularlyonesubjectedtoalternatingserviceloadsorcorrosiveenvironments.Residualstressmayalsobebeneficial,forexample,thecompressivestressesproducedbyshotpeening.Thehole-drillingstrain-gagetechniqueisapracticalmethodfordeterminingresidualstresses.1.1ResidualStressDetermination:1.1.1Thistestmethodspecifiesahole-drillingprocedurefordeterminingresidualstressprofilesnearthesurfaceofanisotropiclinearlyelasticmaterial.Thetestmethodisapplicabletoresidualstressprofiledeterminationswherein-planestressgradientsaresmall.Thestressesmayremainapproximatelyconstantwithdepth(x201C;uniformx201D;stresses)ortheymayvarysignificantlywithdepth(x201C;non-uniformx201D;stresses).Themeasuredworkpiecemaybex201C;thinx201D;withthicknessmuchlessthanthediameterofthedrilledholeorx201C;thickx201D;withthicknessmuchgreaterthanthediameterofthedrilledhole.Onlyuniformstressmeasurementsarespecifiedforthinworkpieces,whilebothuniformandnon-uniformstressmeasurementsarespecifiedforthickworkpieces.1.2StressMeasurementRange:1.2.1Thehole-drillingmethodcanidentifyin-planeresidualstressesnearthemeasuredsurfaceoftheworkpiecematerial.Themethodgiveslocalizedmeasurementsthatindicatetheresidualstresseswithintheboundariesofthedrilledhole.1.2.2Thistestmethodappliesincaseswherematerialbehaviorislinear-elastic.Intheory,itispossibleforlocalyieldingtooccurduetothestressconcentrationaroundthedrilledhole,forisotropic(equi-biaxial)residualstressesexceeding50%oftheyieldstress,orforshearstressesinanydirectionexceeding25%oftheyieldstress.However,inpracticeitisfoundthatsatisfactoryresultscanbeachievedprovidingtheresidualstressesdonotexceedabout60%ofthematerialyieldstress.1.3WorkpieceDamage:1.3.1Thehole-drillingmethodisoftendescribedasx201C;semi-destructivex201D;becausethedamagethatitcausesislocalizedandoftendoesnotsignificantlyaffecttheusefulnessoftheworkpiece.Incontrast,mostothermechanicalmethodsformeasuringresidualstressessubstantiallydestroytheworkpiece.Sinceholedrillingdoescausesomedamage,thistestmethodshouldbeappliedonlyinthosecaseseitherwheretheworkpieceisexpendable,orwheretheintroductionofasmallshallowholewillnotsignificantlyaffecttheusefulnessoftheworkpiece.1.4Thisstandarddoesnotpurporttoaddressallofthesafetyconcerns,ifany,associatedwithitsuse.Itistheresponsibilityoftheuserofthisstandardtoestablishappropriatesafetyandhealthpracticesanddeterminetheapplicabilityofregulatorylimitationspriortouse.
【中国标准分类号】:H22
【国际标准分类号】:77_040_10
【页数】:17P.;A4
【正文语种】:英语